あなたは古文が得意ですか？
あなたの答えは分かりませんが、少なくとも私はNoでした。
・ストーリーが面白くない
・和歌が何を言っているのか分からない
・古文のせいで国語の足を引っ張ってる
私の場合、こんな感じでした。
しかし、浪人期にやっと自分なりの読み方・勝ちパターンを作ることができ、うまく軌道に乗せることができました。
今回は、そんな古文の勉強法についてお話ししたいと思います。
正直な話、東大受験においても古文の配点は決して高くないですし、理系であれば尚更重要度は低いので、ついつい奥手になりがちですが…
古文を得意と言わずとも、「苦手ではない」状態にしておくことで、
大事な英語や数学の勉強を削ることなく、国語の点数を安定させることができます。
そのための第一歩として
「単語を学ぶ段階でどれだけ工夫できるか？」
が重要になります。
単語の段階で後にも応用が効く形で学ぶことができれば、
結果的に古文の成績自体が伸びやすくなりますし、
古文に割かなければいけない時間も少なくて済みます。
では、どのように進めれば効率よく古文を学ぶことができるのでしょうか？
応用の効く勉強とは何か？
先ほどから申し上げている、「効率がいい」とか「応用の効く」勉強とはどういうことでしょうか？
古文の最終ゴールはやはり
東大の文章がしっかり読めて、解答も質の高いものを仕上げられること
です。
そのため、ここでいう「応用の効く」学び方というのは端的に言うと
読解に繋がる単語の学び方ができるということです。
まずは、ここを頭に入れていただきたいと思います。
余談ですが、「この参考書はオススメ！」というのは世の中に溢れていますが、その背景にある意図や目的を考えることは非常に重要です。このようなちょっと頭を使う作業の積み重ねが後に大きな差になって現れます。
東大生はこうやって単語を覚える
読解に繋げるためにどのように単語を覚えれば良いのでしょうか？
それは
語源で単語を覚えること
です。
例えば、「おどろく」という単語があります。
おどろくの語源は「ハッとする」です。
「おどろく」には
・気が付く
・驚く
・目を覚ます
の3つの意味がありますが、
どれも「ハッとする」から
・はっと気が付くし
・はっと驚くし
・はっと目を覚ます
のです。
このように、その単語の「コア」を捉えることで
私たちとしても記憶に残りやすいですし、何よりも応用が効きます。
問題を出しましょう。
・下線部を解釈せよ。
「秋来ぬと目にはさやかに見えねども風の音にぞおどろかれぬる」（古今集より）
何度も言います。「ハッとする」が「おどろく」の語源です。
今回は何にハッとしたのでしょうか？
前を訳してみると、
「秋が来たとはっきりとは分からないけれど、私は風の音に____」
秋が来たかは分からないの後に逆説が来ていますので、
【秋が来たか分からない】（変化前）
↓
【風の音】（変化の要因・媒介）
↓
【おどろく】（変化後）
という図式になります。
「分からない」状態が変化したので、分かるようになった
つまり、「おどろく」の意味は「ハッと気づいた」と解釈できます。
そして、このように単語を覚えて使うことができれば、もっと応用の聞いた問題にも解答することができるようになります。
・下線部はどういうことか？具体的に説明せよ。
「秋来ぬと目にはさやかに見えねども風の音にぞおどろかれぬる」（古今集より）
という問題が出題されても、先ほどの解釈ができていれば、解答は
【解答例】（筆者は）秋が来たとははっきりとは分かっていないが、風を音を聞いたことで、秋が来たとはっと気づいたということ」
のようにしっかりと答えることができます。
長くなりましたが、
語源で覚えることで
・覚えやすく
・忘れにくく
・応用が効く
と覚えておいてください。
東大目指すなら、古文はこの単語集しかない。
さて、「語源で覚えることが大事だ」と
言っても、世の中には赤シートで隠すタイプの単語集が9割以上です。
なかなか、応用力の高い参考書に巡り合うことは困難です。
しかし、一冊だけ、浪人時代にこれだ！という古文単語集と出会いました。
それがこちらです。
・解放古文単語350（西村雪野著・数研出版）
この単語集の良いところは、単語のコアな意味をしっかり解説してくれている点です。
中身はこんな感じです。
このように、コアな意味とその解説が書いています。
ここをしっかり読み込むことで、応用の効く単語を覚えることができます。
また、一部ですが、
読解問題も収録してくれていて、どう読んでいくか？という実戦の部分も解説してくれています。
正直なことを言ってしまうと、
東大を目指すなら、この古文単語集しかない。
そう思っています。
是非、今日からこの単語にスイッチして勉強を進めてほしいと思います。
きっとグッと古文への見え方が変わります。
まとめると
さて、今日のお話をまとめると、
・読解に繋がるかを意識して単語を覚える
・そのためには語源で単語を覚える
・「解法古文単語350」で単語を覚える
ことが重要、ということでした！
古文の日々の学習に役立ててほしいなと思います。
また読んでいただけたら幸いです。
もし、
・古文の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をしたい
こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、
1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか？
Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に
オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。
もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね！
覗いてみる
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