Smart Study [スマートスタディ]

要約を上達したいならコレをやれ!

今まで私は

「東大受験には論理的思考力が重要」
「論理的思考力には要約が一番大事」
「要約ができれば、他の科目も伸びる」

としつこい程要約を重視してきました。

しかし、

「具体的にどうすれば要約って上手くなるの?」

に関してはお伝えしていなかったように思います。

そこで、今回は

どうすれば要約が上達するようになるのか?

についてお話していこうと思います。

要約で大事なのは実は2つだけ

要約で大事なことは実は多くはありません。

・文章の強弱を捉える
・文章の「強」の部分の論理関係を把握する

だけです。

この2点を把握できれば要約の9割は完成です。

あとはその内容を言葉にして字数以内に表現するだけです。

では、具体的にどうやるのか、解説します。

文章の強弱を見分ける方法

まず、文章の強弱を見分けるにはどうすれば良いのか?

それは、

その分が文章の中でどんな役割を果たしているのか?

を把握することです。

具体的な例を日本語で見てみましょう。

【文章】
東大生は学力の高い人が非常に多い。1つには家庭が裕福でより多くの時間と金額を教育に費やすことができるからである。小学校から私立に行かせたり、さらに塾や予備校、家庭教師をつける家庭もある。また、親の学力が遺伝することも挙げられる。両親が東大で、子供も東大と言ったように学力の高い親から生まれることで生まれながらにしてポテンシャルが高いという事例もある。

一文ごとに役割を分解するとこうなります。

東大生は学力の高い人が非常に多い。【主張】
1つには家庭が裕福でより多くの時間と金額を教育に費やすことができるからである。【理由1】
小学校から私立に行かせたり、さらに塾や予備校、家庭教師をつける家庭もある。【具体例】
また、親の学力が遺伝することも挙げられる。【理由2】
両親が東大で、子供も東大と言ったように学力の高い親から生まれることで生まれながらにしてポテンシャルが高いという事例もある。【具体例】

具体例は文章の「弱」の部分なので、具体例を取り除くとこの文章の骨格は

東大生は学力の高い人が非常に多い。【主張】
1つには家庭が裕福でより多くの時間と金額を教育に費やすことができるからである。【理由1】
また、親の学力が遺伝することも挙げられる。【理由2】

主張+理由1+理由2で出来ていることがわかります。

これが文章の「強」の部分を捉えるという作業です。

文章の「強」の部分の論理関係を把握する

さて、次に文章の「強」の部分はどのような論理で繋がっているか?

をみていく必要があります。

今回の具体例でいくととても簡単です。

今回の文章の骨格は

東大生は学力の高い人が非常に多い。【主張】
1つには家庭が裕福でより多くの時間と金額を教育に費やすことができるからである。【理由1】
また、親の学力が遺伝することも挙げられる。【理由2】

なので、論理関係は

主張
↑理由1
↑理由2

主張により説得力を持たせるために、主張を支える2つの理由を展開していることがわかります。

文章によっては対比や類比、因果関係などの論理も出てくるでしょう。

このように文章の「強」の部分を把握したら、論理関係を把握することが重要です。

【仕上げ】解答の作り方

主張
↑理由1
↑理由2

この構造がわかったら後は簡単です。

この構造だと分かるように文章を繋げれば良いのです。

今回の文章だと解答はこのようになるでしょう。

【解答例】
東大生は学力の高い人が非常に多い。理由は親が経済的に豊かで教育に金銭と時間をかけられることや親の学力の遺伝が挙げられる。

正直もっと上手くまとめることもできると思いますが、エッセンスとしてはこのようになります。

まとめると

まとめると

・文章の強弱を捉える
・そのために各文の役割を考える
・文章の「強」の部分の論理関係を把握する
・解答は簡潔に表現する

ことが要約の上達の秘訣です。

是非、普段の学習で意識して使ってみてください。

もしあなたが、

・東大生の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をしたい

こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、

1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?

Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に

オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。

もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!

覗いてみる

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