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『長文が読める』とはどういうことか?

塾の講師をしていた時のことです。

ある生徒から相談を受けました。

「長文が読めるようになるにはどうすればいいんですか?」

私は彼が現状どれくらい読めているのか、確かめるべく

「今は読めていないの?」

と聞きました。

すると、彼は

「途中までは読めるんですけど、段々何言ってるか分かんなくなっちゃって。」

そう話します。

彼に詳細を聞いていると、
単語が分からないとか、文法が分からないというわけではなく、全体として何が言いたいのかメッセージが把握できないようでした。

木を見て森を見ず

一文一文は読めるのに、文章になると分からなくなる

そんな受験生は多いだろうなと思いました。

かく言う私も、初めからスラスラと長文が読めていたわけではありませんでした。

そこで今回は、

・長文が読める受験生と読めない受験生、何が違うのか?
・どうすれば、長文が読めるようになるのか?
・東大を目指す受験生必見。やった方が良い3つの参考書

についてお話ししていこうと思います。

長文が読める受験生と読めない受験のたった1つの違い

そもそも、長文が読める人と、読めない人、何が違うのでしょうか?

私自身の経験や、周りの東大生、私が教えていた生徒の様子をみると、答えは1つだと思いました。

それは一言で言ってしまうと、

情報を構造化して読めているか、ということです。

情報を構造化するというのは、

どこに何があるのか?何がこの文章で言いたいことなのか?

それが分かるように読めているということです。

具体的な事例で見てみましょう。

長文が読めない人はこのように読んでいます。

どこに何があるか?何が大事か?この文章で言いたいことは何か?

構造的に読めていないので、当然理解もできないままです。

しかし、長文がきちんと読めている人は同じ文章をこのように読んでいます。

・どこに主張があって、どれが根拠か?
・どこが具体例か?
・この文章で言いたいことは何か?

パッと理解できますよね。

長文が読める人はこのように文章を把握しているため

読むのが正確で、しかも速いです。

東大受験生同士で会話するときは

共通テストの英語を制限時間の80分ではなく、60分以内に解けたか?

という話をよくします。

しかも、東大に受かる人の共通テストの英語の平均は190点を超えます

時間内に解けなくて点数が140点くらいの受験生もいる中で、

彼らは、60分でスピーディーに問題を解いて、しかも190点を切らない。そんなレベルで長文を読んでいるのです。

どうすれば長文がスラスラ読めるようになるのか?

長文がスラスラ読める人が共通してできる問題があります。

それが

「要約」です。

実は、生徒に要約をさせると、その人が長文をどの程度理解しているのか1発で分かってしまいます。

要約はこのように文章を把握していないと解けないので、

要約ができる=長文が読める

ということになるのです。

つまり、長文を読めるようにするには要約が出来るようになれば良いということになるのですが、残念なことに要約のトレーニングになるような参考書はすごく少ないです。

その中でも、これはやっておいた方がいい、というものを3つほど紹介します。

長文が読めるようになる!3つの参考書

ディスコースマーカー英文読解(成田あゆみ・日比野克哉 Z会出版)

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AD%E8%A7%A3-%E6%97%A5%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%93%89/dp/4860660668/ref=sr_1_1?crid=21OQFHM26YK3S&keywords=%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AD%E8%A7%A3&qid=1650417042&sprefix=%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%2Caps%2C255&sr=8-1

長文読解に最適な参考書です。要約を作るにはどのように文章を把握すれば良いか?全ての問題で解説してくれています。ここまで要約の仕方について詳しく解説してくれてる参考書を私は知りません。全東大受験生必携の書だと個人的には思います。

パラグラフリーディングのストラテジー(島田浩史・米山達郎・福崎伍郎 河合出版)

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC-3-%E6%B2%B3%E5%90%88%E5%A1%BESERIES%E2%80%95%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E9%95%B7%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AD%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%AE%E7%8E%8B%E9%81%93-%E5%B3%B6%E7%94%B0-%E6%B5%A9%E5%8F%B2/dp/4777203069/ref=pd_bxgy_img_sccl_2/357-0976754-9051645?pd_rd_w=BQxy5&pf_rd_p=020fee25-8ced-4191-bce3-27e7ce0c0e3b&pf_rd_r=VHNXDBHCEGVKG559JWCN&pd_rd_r=cfec88a5-8a04-42e8-b43d-debe0972c3ba&pd_rd_wg=mV4cC&pd_rd_i=4777203069&psc=1

長文問題集ですが、全体としてどのように論理が展開されているのかを示した「論理チャート」が有効です。要約が記載されているわけではありませんが、論理チャートの展開通りに要約が書けていたらバッチリ文章を把握できています!ちなみに、①基礎編②実戦編(私大)③実戦編(国公立大)の3つがあるので、基礎からトライしても良いと思います。

英文読解の着眼点(桜井博之 駿台文庫)

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AD%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%AE%E7%9D%80%E7%9C%BC%E7%82%B9%E2%80%95%E8%A8%80%E3%81%84%E6%8F%9B%E3%81%88%E3%81%A8%E5%AF%BE%E6%AF%94%E3%81%A7%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%8F-%E9%A7%BF%E5%8F%B0%E5%8F%97%E9%A8%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA-%E6%A1%9C%E4%BA%95-%E5%8D%9A%E4%B9%8B/dp/4796111115/ref=sr_1_6?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&keywords=%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AD%E8%A7%A3&qid=1650417272&sr=8-6

長文読解で多用する言い換え(Paraphrase)と対比(Contrast)に焦点を当てた問題集です。論理の流れを追って構造を把握するのが長文読解の肝なので、自分の読み方でしっかり論理が追えているのか、確認する目的でトライすると良いと思います。

まとめると

さて、まとめると、長文がスラスラ読めるようになるには

・情報を構造化して読む
・情報を構造化するには要約のトレーニングが最適
・3つのオススメ参考書に取り組む

でした!

英語の日々の学習に役立ててほしいなと思います。
また読んでいただけたら幸いです。

もし、

・長文の学習法についてもっと詳細を聞きたい
・自分の勉強法が正しいのか不安に感じている
・実際に東大生・東大卒の先輩に勉強の相談をし
たい

こんな悩みを抱えているのであれば、

1ヶ月、あなたの勉強を東大生や東大卒の先輩に見てもらいませんか?

Smart Studyでは東大をはじめとする難関大学を志望する高校生・高卒生を対象に

オンラインで、1対1のコーチングを行うことで、あなたの勉強の舵取りをする、そんなサービスです。

もし、少しでも興味があれば、是非公式サイトを覗いてみてくださいね!

覗いてみる

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